Calcium

Calcium: Basics

• Vegans and Calcium Intake
• Vegans and Bone Health
• Plant Sources of Calcium

Calcium: Research

• Calcium and Vegan Diets: Why the Fuss?
• Animal Protein and Osteoporosis
• Observational Studies
• Metabolic Studies
• What Causes Osteoporosis?
• Calcium and Vitamin D
• Vitamin B12 and Bone Mineral Density
• Selenium and Bone Mineral Density
• Research on Vegans
  • Bone Mineral Density
  • Quantitative Ultrasound
  • UK Biobank (2023)
  • Adventist Health Study-2 (2021 & 2014)
  • EPIC-Oxford (2020 & 2007)
  • Buddhist Nuns (2011)
• Calcium Absorption from Plant Foods
• Calcium Tips
• Safety of Calcium Supplements
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

Bone Fractures among U.K. Vegans: Implications and Recommendations

• Summary
• Introduction
• Miscellaneous Concerns
• Limitations of Observational Research
• Fracture Rates in Context
• Body Mass Index and Caloric Intake
• β-carotene and Vitamin A
• Zinc
• Selenium
• Iodine
• Vitamin D
• Calcium
• Protein
• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin K2
• Iron
• Resistance Training
  • Resistance Training among Vegans
  • Resistance Training among Omnivores
  • Yoga
• Conclusion
• Appendices
• Appendix A: Diet Category Changes in EPIC-Oxford
• Appendix B: NSP and AOAC Fiber
• Appendix C: Censoring Due to Death
• Appendix D: Fracture Rates in the U.K. Compared to EPIC-Oxford
• Appendix E: Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements in Elderly Women with Low Vitamin D Levels
• Bibliography

Calcium and Oxalate Content of Foods