Protein and Amino Acids Protein Needs of Vegans Essential information Soy Additional tips Good sources of lysine Protein and amino acid content of selected plant foods Protein requirements Table 1. Protein targets per body weight and estimated calories Protein needs of the general population Table 2. Dietary reference intakes for protein and lysine Table 3. Protein requirements determined by nitrogen balance and IAAO Plant protein requirements Summary of plant protein balance research. Table 4. Protein balance studies using plant-based diets Plant vs. animal protein: observational research Amino acid intakes and blood levels of vegans Protein and amino acid intakes of vegan men Table 5. Essential amino acid intakes of vegan men in EPIC-Oxford Amino acid intakes of vegan women Amino acid plasma levels of vegan men Table 6. Plasma amino acid levels of vegan men Arginine and the vegan diet Appendix A. Protein quality scoring FAO Recommends the PDCAAS in 1989 FAO Recommends the DIAAS in 2011 Criticism of the DIAAS The DIAAS reference protein Appendix B. Nitrogen balance studies of plant-based diets Appendix C. Muscle synthesis studies Muscle synthesis during a 10-day vegan diet Muscle synthesis after a meal containing beef or plant protein Appendix D. Wound healing in vegans Bibliography Taurine and Carnitine Taurine Carnitine Bibliography Creatine Brain Creatine and Cognitive Function Supplementation Bibliography Carnosine and beta-Alanine Summary Carnosine beta-Alanine beta-Alanine and Carnosine Research in Vegetarians beta-Alanine and Carnosine Research using a Vegetarian Diet Bibliography
